Kafalah

Narrated Muhammad bin 'Amr Al-Aslami that his father Hamza said: Umar (ra) sent him (i.e. Hamza) as a Sadaqa / Zakat collector. A man had committed illegal sexual intercourse with the slave girl of his wife. Hamza took (personal) sureties for the adulterer till they came to 'Umar. 'Umar had lashed the adulterer one hundred lashes. 'Umar confirmed their claim (that the adulterer had already been punished) and excused him because of being Ignorant.Jarir Al-Ash'ath said to Ibn Mas'ud regarding renegades (i.e., those who became infidels after embracing Islam), "Let them repent and take (personal) sureties for them." They repented and their relatives stood sureties for them.According to Hammad, if somebody stands surety for another person and that person dies, the person giving surety will be released from responsibility. According to Al-Hakam, his responsibilities continues.

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "An Israeli man asked another Israeli to lend himone thousand Dinars. The second man required witnesses. The formerreplied, 'Allah is sufficient as a witness.' The second said, 'I wanta surety.' The former replied, 'Allah is sufficient as a surety.' Thesecond said, 'You are right,' and lent him the money for a certainperiod. The debtor went across the sea. When he finished his job, hesearched for a conveyance so that he might reach in time for therepayment of the debt, but he could not find any. So, he took a pieceof wood and made a hole in it, inserted in it one thousand Dinars anda letter to the lender and then closed (i.e. sealed) the hole tightly.He took the piece of wood to the sea and said. 'O Allah! You know wellthat I took a loan of one thousand Dinars from so-and-so. He demandeda surety from me but I told him that Allah's Guarantee was sufficientand he accepted Your guarantee. He then asked for a witness and I toldhim that Allah was sufficient as a Witness, and he accepted You as aWitness. No doubt, I tried hard to find a conveyance so that I couldpay his money but could not find, so I hand over this money to You.'Saying that, he threw the piece of wood into the sea till it went outfar into it, and then he went away. Meanwhile he started searching fora conveyance in order to reach the creditor's country.One day the lender came out of his house to see whether a ship hadarrived bringing his money, and all of a sudden he saw the piece ofwood in which his money had been deposited. He took it home to use forfire. When he sawed it, he found his money and the letter inside it.Shortly after that, the debtor came bringing one thousand Dinars tohim and said, 'By Allah, I had been trying hard to get a boat so thatI could bring you your money, but failed to get one before the one Ihave come by.' The lender asked, 'Have you sent something to me?' Thedebtor replied, 'I have told you I could not get a boat other than theone I have come by.' The lender said, 'Allah has delivered on yourbehalf the money you sent in the piece of wood. So, you may keep yourone thousand Dinars and depart guided on the right path.' "

Narrated Sa`id bin Jubair: Ibn `Abbas said, "In the verse: To every one We have appointed ' (Muwaliya Muwaliya means one's)heirs (4.33).' (And regarding the verse) 'And those with whom your right hands have made a pledge.'Ibn `Abbas said, "When the emigrants came to the Prophet (ﷺ) in Medina, the emigrant would inherit theAnsari while the latter's relatives would not inherit him because of the bond of brotherhood which theProphet established between them (i.e. the emigrants and the Ansar). When the verse: 'And toeveryone We have appointed heirs' (4.33) was revealed, it canceled (the bond (the pledge) ofbrotherhood regarding inheritance)." Then he said, "The verse: To those also to whom your righthands have pledged, remained valid regarding cooperation and mutual advice, while the matter ofinheritance was excluded and it became permissible to assign something in one's testament to theperson who had the right of inheriting before.

Narrated Anas: `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf came to us and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) established a bond of brotherhood betweenhim and Sa`d bin Rabi`a.

Narrated `Asim: I heard Anas bin Malik, "Have you ever heard that the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'There is no alliance in Islam?' "He replied, "The Prophet (ﷺ) made alliance between Quraish and the Ansar in my house."

Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa`: A dead person was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) so that he might lead the funeral prayer for him. He asked,"Is he in debt?" When the people replied in the negative, he led the funeral prayer. Another deadperson was brought and he asked, "Is he in debt?" They said, "Yes." He (refused to lead the prayerand) said, "Lead the prayer of your friend." Abu Qatada said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I undertake to payhis debt." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then led his funeral prayer.

Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah: Once the Prophet (ﷺ) said (to me), "If the money of Bahrain comes, I will give you a certain amount ofit." The Prophet (ﷺ) had breathed his last before the money of Bahrain arrived. When the money ofBahrain reached, Abu Bakr announced, "Whoever was promised by the Prophet (ﷺ) should come to us." Iwent to Abu Bakr and said, "The Prophet (ﷺ) promised me so and so." Abu Bakr gave me a handful ofcoins and when I counted them, they were five-hundred in number. Abu Bakr then said, "Take twicethe amount you have taken (besides).

Narrated Aisha: (wife of the Prophet) Since I reached the age when I could remember things, I have seen my parentsworshipping according to the right faith of Islam. Not a single day passed but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) visitedus both in the morning and in the evening. When the Muslims were persecuted, Abu Bakr set out forEthiopia as an emigrant. When he reached a place called Bark-al-Ghimad, he met Ibn Ad-Daghna, thechief of the Qara tribe, who asked Abu Bakr, "Where are you going?" Abu Bakr said, "My peoplehave turned me out of the country and I would like to tour the world and worship my Lord." Ibn Ad-Daghna said, "A man like you will not go out, nor will he be turned out as you help the poor earn theirliving, keep good relation with your Kith and kin, help the disabled (or the dependents), provideguests with food and shelter, and help people during their troubles. I am your protector. So, go backand worship your Lord at your home." Ibn Ad-Daghna went along with Abu Bakr and took him to thechiefs of Quraish saying to them, "A man like Abu Bakr will not go out, nor will he be turned out. Doyou turn out a man who helps the poor earn their living, keeps good relations with Kith and kin, helpsthe disabled, provides guests with food and shelter, and helps the people during their troubles?"So, Quraish allowed Ibn Ad-Daghna's guarantee of protection and told Abu- Bakr that he was secure,and said to Ibn Ad-Daghna, "Advise Abu Bakr to worship his Lord in his house and to pray and readwhat he liked and not to hurt us and not to do these things publicly, for we fear that our sons andwomen may follow him." Ibn Ad-Daghna told Abu Bakr of all that, so Abu- Bakr continuedworshipping his Lord in his house and did not pray or recite Qur'an aloud except in his house. Lateron Abu Bakr had an idea of building a mosque in the court yard of his house. He fulfilled that idea andstarted praying and reciting Qur'an there publicly. The women and the offspring of the pagans startedgathering around him and looking at him astonishingly. Abu Bakr was a softhearted person and couldnot help weeping while reciting Qur'an. This horrified the pagan chiefs of Quraish. They sent for IbnAd-Daghna and when he came, they said, "We have given Abu Bakr protection on condition that hewill worship his Lord in his house, but he has transgressed that condition and has built a mosque inthe court yard of his house and offered his prayer and recited Qur'an in public. We are afraid lest hemislead our women and offspring. So, go to him and tell him that if he wishes he can worship hisLord in his house only, and if not, then tell him to return your pledge of protection as we do not like tobetray you by revoking your pledge, nor can we tolerate Abu Bakr's public declaration of Islam (hisworshipping).`Aisha added: Ibn Ad-Daghna came to Abu Bakr and said, "You know the conditions on which I gaveyou protection, so you should either abide by those conditions or revoke my protection, as I do notlike to hear the 'Arabs saying that Ibn Ad-Daghna gave the pledge of protection to a person and hispeople did not respect it." Abu Bakr said, "I revoke your pledge of protection and am satisfied withAllah's protection." At that time Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was still in Mecca and he said to his companions,"Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms andsituated between two mountains which are the two ,Harras." So, when the Prophet (ﷺ) told it, some of thecompanions migrated to Medina, and some of those who had migrated to Ethiopia returned to Medina.When Abu Bakr prepared for emigration, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him, "Wait, for I expect to bepermitted to emigrate." Abu Bakr asked, "May my father be sacrificed for your sake, do you reallyexpect that?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied in the affirmative. So, Abu Bakr postponed his departure in orderto accompany Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and fed two camels which he had, with the leaves of Samor trees forfour months.

Narrated Abu Huraira: Whenever a dead man in debt was brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he would ask, "Has he left anything torepay his debt?" If he was informed that he had left something to repay his debts, he would offer hisfuneral prayer, otherwise he would tell the Muslims to offer their friend's funeral prayer. When Allahmade the Prophet (ﷺ) wealthy through conquests, he said, "I am more rightful than other believers to bethe guardian of the believers, so if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am responsible for the repayment ofhis debt, and whoever leaves wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs. "